Introduction

Anchor
Locations Locations

Locations

A Content item could not function in the system without having a place – a Location – assigned to it. When a new Content item is published, a new Location is automatically created and the item is placed in it.

Together, all Locations form a tree which is the basic way of organizing Content in the system and specific to eZ products. Every published Content item has a Location and, as a consequence, also a place in this tree.

A Content item can have more than one Location. This can be used to have the same content in two or more places in the tree, for example an article at the same time on the front page and in the archive. Even in such a case, one of these places is always the Main Location.

The tree is hierarchical, with an empty root Location (which is not assigned any Content item) and a structure of dependent Locations below it. Every Location (aside from the root) has one parent Location and can have any number of children. There are no Locations outside this tree.

Top level Locations

Top level Locations are direct children of the root of the tree. The root has ID Location 1, is not related to any Content items and should not be used directly.

Under this root there are preset top level Locations in each installation which cannot be deleted:

Content

"Content" is the top level Location for the actual contents of a site. This part of the tree is typically used for organizing folders, articles, information pages, etc. This means that it contains the actual content structure of the site, which can be viewed by selecting the "Content structure" tab in the Content mode interface. The default ID number of the "Content" Location is 2; it references a "Folder" Content item.

Media

"Media" is the top level Location which stores and organizes information that is frequently used by Content items located below the "Content" node. It usually contains images, animations, documents and other files. They can be viewed by selecting the "Media library" tab in the Content mode interface. The default ID number of the "Media" Location is 43; it references a "Folder" Content item.

Users

"Users" is the top level Location that contains the built-in system for managing user accounts. A user is simply a Content item of the "User account" Content Type. The users are organized within "User group" Content items below this Location. In other words, the "Users" Location contains the actual users and user groups, which can be viewed by selecting the "Users" tab in the Admin Panel. The default identification number of the "Users" Location is 5; it references a "User group" Content item.

Other top level Locations

Another top level location, with the ID 48, corresponds to "Setup" and is not regularly used to store content.

Location visibility

Location visibility is a mechanism which allows you to control which parts of the content tree are available to the visitor.

Given that once a Content item is published, it cannot be un-published, limiting visibility is the only method used to withdraw content from the website without moving it to Trash. When the Location of a Content item is hidden, any access to it will be denied, preventing the system from displaying it.

Visibility needs not be set individually for every Location. Instead, when a Location is hidden, all of its descendants in the tree will be hidden as well. This means that a Location can have one of three different visibility statuses:

•  Visible
•  Hidden
•  Hidden by superior

By default all Locations are Visible. If a Location is made invisible manually, its status is set to Hidden. At the same time all Locations under it will change status to Hidden by superior.

From the visitor's perspective a Location behaves the same whether its status is Hidden or Hidden by superior – it will be unavailable in the website. The difference is that a Location Hidden by superior cannot be revealed manually. It will only become visible once all of its ancestor Locations are made Visible again.

A Hidden by superior status does not override a Hidden status. This means that if a Location is Hidden manually and later one of its ancestors is Hidden as well, the first Location's status does not change – it remains Hidden (not Hidden by superior). If the ancestor Location is made visible again, the first Location still remains Hidden.

The way visibility works can be illustrated using the following scenarios:

Hiding a visible Location

When you hide a Location that was visible before, it will get the status Hidden. Underlying Locations will be marked Hidden by superior. The visibility status of underlying Locations that were already Hidden or Hidden by superior will not be changed.

Hiding a Location which is Hidden by superior

When you explicitly hide a Location which was Hidden by superior, it will get the status Hidden. Since the underlying Locations are already either Hidden or Hidden by superior, their visibility status will not be changed.

Revealing a Location with a visible ancestor

When you reveal a Location which has a visible ancestor, this Location and its children will become visible. However, underlying Locations that were explicitly hidden by a user will retain the Hidden status (and their children will be remain Hidden by superior).

Revealing a Location with a Hidden ancestor

When you reveal a Location that has a Hidden ancestor, it will not become Visible itself. Because it still has invisible ancestors, its status will change to Hidden by superior.

Visibility mechanics

The visibility mechanics are controlled by two flags: Hidden flag and Invisible flag. The Hidden flag informs whether the node has been hidden by a user or not. A raised Invisible flag means that the node is invisible either because it was hidden by a user or by the system. Together, the flags represent the three visibility statuses:

Content Relations

Content items are located in a tree structure through the Locations they are placed in. However, Content items themselves can also be related to one another.

A Relation can be created between any two Content items in the repository. This feature is typically used in situations when you need to connect and/or reuse information that is scattered around in the system. For example, it allows you to add images to news articles. Instead of using a fixed set of image attributes, the images are stored as separate Content items outside the article.

There are different types of Relations available in the system. First of all, content can be related on item or on Field level.

Relations at Field level are created using one of two special Field Types: Content relation (single) and Content relations (multiple). As the names suggest, such Fields allow you to select one or more other Content items in the Field value, which will be linked to these Fields. Content relation (single) is an example of a one-to-one relationship, and Content relations (multiple) – a one-to-many relationship.

Relations at item level can be of three different types:

1. Common relations are created between two Content items using the Public API.
2. RichText linked relations are created using a Field of the RichText type. Whenever an internal link (a link to another Location or Content item) is inserted into a Field represented by this Field Type, the system will automatically create a relation of this type. Note that such a relation is automatically removed from the system when the corresponding link is removed from the Content item.
3. RichText embedded relations also use a RichText Field. Whenever an Embed element is inserted into a Field represented by this Field Type, the system will automatically create a relation of this type, that is relate the embedded Content item to the one that is being edited. Note that a relation of this type is automatically removed from the system when the corresponding element is removed.

Sections

Sections are used to divide Content items in the tree into groups that are more easily manageable by content editors. Division into Sections allows you, among others, to set permissions for only a part of the tree.

Technically, a Section is simply a triplet: a number, a name and an identifier. Content items are placed in Sections by being assigned the Section ID, with one item able to be in only one Section.

When a new Content item is created, its Section ID is set to the default Section (which is usually Standard). When the item is published it is assigned to the same Section as its parent. Because Content must always be in a Section, unassigning happens by choosing a different Section to move it into . If a Content item has multiple Location assignments then it is always the Section ID of the item referenced by the parent of the main Location that will be used. In addition, if the main Location of a Content item with multiple Location assignments is changed then the Section ID of that item will be updated.

Sections can only be removed if no Content items are assigned to them. Even then, it should be done carefully. When a Section is deleted, it is only its definition itself that will be removed. Other references to the Section will remain and thus the system will most likely be in an inconsistent state.That is why removing Sections may corrupt permission settings, template output and other things in the system.

Section ID numbers are not recycled. If a Section is removed, its ID number will not be reused when a new Section is created.

Permissions

Permissions in Platform form one of the most advanced permissions systems around, allowing you to define very fine-grained rights for your Editors, Visitors, Members and other users.

Overview

In the permission system a User by default does not have access to anything. To get access they need to inherit Roles, typically assigned to the User Group they belong to.

Model

Roles

First part of the permission model is the Roles, and they consist of the following parts:

RoleLimitation *- RoleAssignment >- Role -< Policy -*< Limitation

• A Role assignment can optionally have a Limitation, Role Limitation examples: SubTreeLimitation or SectionLimitation
• A Role can have several assignments, Role example: Editor, Member, ProSubscriber
  
• A Role consists of several Policies, Policy example: content/read/*, content/edit/* (where * refers to full access, that is no Limitation)
• A Policy optionally consists of several Limitations, Limitation example:ContentTypeLimitation,SectionLimitation,OwnerLimitation

Users

Second part of the model is made up of Users and User Groups:

User -*< UserGroup

• A User can be member of several User Groups, User Group examples: Administrator Users, Member Users, ProSubscriber Users

Role assignments

Last part on the permission model is the fact that Role assignments can be assigned to both Users and User Groups:

User - RoleAssignment - UserGroup

Persistence Cache

Layers

Persistence cache can best be described as an implementation of SPI\Persistence that decorates the main backend implementation (currently: "Legacy Storage Engine").

As shown in the illustration, this is done in the exact same way as the SignalSlot feature is a custom implementation of API\Repository decorating the main Repository. In the case of Persistence Cache, instead of sending events on calls passed on to the decorated implementation, most of the load calls are cached, and calls that perform changes purge the affected caches. This is done using a Cache service which is provided by StashBundle; this Service wraps around the Stash library to provide Symfony logging / debugging functionality, and allows cache handlers (Memcached, Redis, Filesystem, etc.) to be configured using Symfony configuration. For how to reuse this Cache service in your own custom code, see below.

Transparent cache

With the persistence cache, just like with the HTTP cache, eZ Platform tries to follow principles of "Transparent caching", this can shortly be described as a cache which is invisible to the end user and to the admin/editors of eZ Platform where content is always returned "fresh". In other words, there should be no need to manually clear the cache like it was frequently the case with eZ Publish 4.x. This is possible thanks to an interface that follows CRUD (Create Read Update Delete) operations per domain, and the fact that the number of other operations capable of affecting a certain domain is kept to a minimum.

Entity stored only once

To make the transparent caching principle as effective as possible, entities are, as much as possible, only stored once in cache by their primary id. Lookup by a lternative identifiers (identifier, remoteId, etc.) is only cached with the identifier as cache key and primary id as its cache value, and compositions (list of objects) usually keep only the array of primary id's as their cache value.

This means a couple of things:

• Memory consumption is kept low
• Cache purging logic is kept simple (For example: $sectionService->delete( 3 ) clears "section/3" cache entry)
• Lookup by identifier and list of objects needs several cache lookups to be able to assemble the result value
• Cache warmup usually takes several page loads to reach full as identifier is first cached, then the object

What is cached?

Persistence cache aims at caching most SPI\Persistence calls used in common page loads, including everything needed for permission checking and url alias lookups.

Notes:

• UrlWildCardHandler is not currently cached
• Currently in case of transactions this is handled very simply by clearing all cache on rollback, this can be improved in the future if needed.
• Some tree/batch operations will cause clearing all persistence cache, this will be improved in the future when we change to a cache service cable of cache tagging.
• Search is not defined as Persistence and the queries themselves are not planned to be cached. Use Solr which does this for you to improve scale and offload your database.

For further details on which calls are cached or not, and where/how to contribute additional caches, check out the source.

Configuration

Content Repository Configuration

The content repository is where all your content is been stored. It is the heart of eZ Platform which you interact with using Public API.

To store data, the content repository uses a storage engine that can virtually can work with any kind of storage (RDBMS, NoSQL, etc.). eZ Publish 5 came with a relational storage engine, compatible with v4.x: the Legacy storage engine, which is the default.

You can define several repositories within a single application. However, you can only use one per site.

Configuration examples

Using default values

ezpublish:
    repositories:
        # Defining repository with alias "main"
        # Default storage engine is used, with default connection
        # Equals to:
        # main: { engine: legacy, connection: <defaultConnectionName> }
        main: ~

    system:
        # All members of my_siteaccess_group will use "main" repository
        # No need to set "repository", it will take the first defined repository by default
        my_siteaccess_group:
            # ...

All explicit

doctrine:
    dbal:
        default_connection: my_connection_name
        connections:
            my_connection_name:
                driver:   pdo_mysql
                host:     localhost
                port:     3306
                dbname:   my_database
                user:     my_user
                password: my_password
                charset:  UTF8

            another_connection_name:
                # ...

ezpublish:
    repositories:
        first_repository: { engine: legacy, connection: my_connection_name, config: {} }
        second_repository: { engine: legacy, connection: another_connection_name, config: {} }

    # ...

    system:
        my_first_siteaccess:
            repository: first_repository

            # ...

        my_second_siteaccess:
            repository: second_repository

Legacy storage engine

Legacy storage engine uses Doctrine DBAL (Database Abstraction Layer). Database settings are supplied by DoctrineBundle. As such, you can refer to DoctrineBundle's documentation.

Anchor
Field_groups_configuration Field_groups_configuration

Field groups configuration

Field groups, used in content and Content Type editing, can be configured from the repository section. Values entered there are field group identifiers:

repositories:
  default:
    fields_groups:
      list: [content, features, metadata]
      default: content

These identifiers can be given human-readable values and translated. Those values will at the moment be used when editing Content Types. The translation domain is ezplatform_fields_groups.
This file will define English names for field groups:

content: Content
metadata: Metadata
user_data: User data

Limit of archived Content item versions

default_version_archive_limit controls the number of archived versions per Content item that will be stored in the repository, by default set to 5. This setting is configured in the following way (typically in ezplatform.yml):

ezpublish:
    repositories:
        default:
            options:
                default_version_archive_limit: 10

This limit is enforced on publishing a new version and only covers archived versions, not drafts.

Persistence cache configuration

Use of Memcached (or, experimentally, Redis) is a requirement for use in Clustering setup. For an overview of this feature, see Clustering. 

Cache service

The cache system is exposed as a "cache" service, and can be reused by any other service as described in the Using Cache service section.

Configuration

By default, configuration currently uses FileSystem, with %kernel.cache_dir%/stash to store cache files.

The configuration is placed in app/config/config.yml and looks like this:

stash:
    caches:
        default:
            drivers:
                - FileSystem
            inMemory: true
            registerDoctrineAdapter: false

Multi repository setup

In ezplatform.yml you can specify which cache pool you want to use on a siteaccess or sitegroup level. The following example shows use in a sitegroup:

ezpublish:
    system:
        # "site_group" refers to the group configured in site access
        site_group:
            # "default" refers to the cache pool, the one configured on stash.caches above
            cache_pool_name: "default"

Stash cache backend configuration

General settings

To check which cache settings are available for your installation, run the following command in your terminal:

php app/console config:dump-reference stash

FileSystem

This cache backend uses the local filesystem, by default the Symfony cache folder. As this is per server, it does not support multi server (cluster) setups !

Available settings

path

dirSplit

filePermissions

dirPermissions

memKeyLimit

keyHashFunction

stash:
    caches:
        default:
            drivers:
                - FileSystem
            inMemory: true
            registerDoctrineAdapter: false
            FileSystem:
                keyHashFunction: 'crc32'

FileSystem cache backend troubleshooting

By default, Stash Filesystem cache backend stores cache to a sub-folder named after the environment (i.e. app/cache/dev, app/cache/prod). This can lead to the following issue: if different environments are used for operations, persistence cache (manipulating content, mostly) will be affected and cache can become inconsistent.

To prevent this, there are 2 solutions:

1. Manual

Always use the same environment, for web, command line, cronjobs etc.

2 . Share stash cache across Symfony environments (prod / dev / ..)

Either by using another Stash cache backend, or by setting Stash to use a shared cache folder that does not depend on the environment.

In ezplatform.yml:

stash:
    caches:
        default:
            FileSystem:
                path: "%kernel.root_dir%/cache/common"

This will store stash cache to app/cache/common.

APC & APCu

This cache backend is using shard memory with APC's user cache feature. As this is per server, it does not support multi server (cluster) setups .

Please also note that the default value for apc.shm_size is 128MB. However, 256MB is recommended for APC to work properly. For more details please refer to the APC configuration manual.

Available settings

Redis

This cache backend is using Redis, a in-memory data structure store, via Redis pecl extension. This is an alternative cache solution for multi server (cluster) setups, besides using Memcached.

Available settings

Example

stash:
    caches:
        default:
            drivers: [ Redis ]
            Redis:
                servers:
                    -
                        server: 'redis1.ez.no'
                        port: 6379
                    -
                        server: 'redis2.ez.no'
                        port: 6379

Memcache(d)

This cache backend is using Memcached, a distributed caching solution. This is the main supported cache solution for multi server (cluster) setups, besides using Redis.

Available settings

* All settings except servers are only available with memcached PHP extension. For more information on these settings and which version of php-memcached they are available in, see: http://php.net/Memcached

Example with Memcache(d)

Note that app/config/config.yml contains the default stash configuration. To apply the configuration below, make sure you update the existing configuration, or remove it if you want to use another configuration file.

stash:
    caches:
        default:
            drivers: [ Memcache ]
            inMemory: true
            registerDoctrineAdapter: false
            Memcache:
                prefix_key: ezdemo_
                retry_timeout: 1
                servers:
                    -
                        server: 127.0.0.1
                        port: 11211

Usage

Using Cache Service

Using the internal cache service allows you to use an interface and to not have to care whether the system has been configured to place the cache in Memcached or on File system. And as eZ Platform requires that instances use a cluster-aware cache in Cluster setup, you can safely assume your cache is shared (and invalidated) across all web servers.

Get Cache service

Via Dependency injection

In your Symfony services configuration you can simply define that you require the "cache" service in your configuration like so:

    myApp.myService:
        class: %myApp.myService.class%
        arguments:
            - @ezpublish.cache_pool

The "cache" service is an instance of the following class: Tedivm\StashBundle\Service\CacheService

Via Symfony Container

Like any other service, it is also possible to get the "cache" service via container like so:

/** @var $cacheService \Tedivm\StashBundle\Service\CacheService */
$cacheService = $container->get('ezpublish.cache_pool');

Using the cache service

Example usage of the cache service:

    $cacheItem = $cacheService->getItem('myApp', 'object', $id);
    $myObject = $cacheItem->get();
    if ($cacheItem->isMiss()) {
        $myObject = $container->get('my_app.backend_service')->loadObject($id)
        $cacheItem->set($myObject);
    }
    return $myObject;

For more info on usage, take a look at Stash's documentation.

Clearing Persistence cache

Persistence cache uses a separate Cache Pool decorator which by design prefixes cache keys with "ez_spi". Clearing persistence cache can thus be done in the following way:

/** @var $cacheService \eZ\Publish\Core\Persistence\Cache\CacheServiceDecorator */
$cacheService = $container->get('ezpublish.cache_pool.spi.cache.decorator');
 
// To clear all cache
$cacheService->clear();
 
// To clear a specific cache item (check source code in eZ\Publish\Core\Persistence\Cache\*Handlers for further info)
$cacheService->clear('content', 'info', $contentId);

// Stash cache is hierarchical, so you can clear all content/info cache like so:
$cacheService->clear('content', 'info');

Binary files URL handling

IO URL decoration

By default, images and binary files referenced by content will be served from the same server as the application, like  /var/ezdemo_site/storage /images/3/6/4/6/6463-1-eng-GB/kidding.png . This is the default semantic configuration:

ezpublish:
    system:
        default:
            io:
	            url_prefix: "$var_dir$/$storage_dir$"

 $var_dir$ and $storage_dir$ are dynamic, siteaccess-aware settings, and will be replaced by those settings value in the execution context.

Using a static server for images

One common use-case is to use an optimized nginx to serve images in an optimized way. The example image above could be made available as http://static.example.com/ images/3/6/4/6/6463-1-eng-GB/kidding.png , by setting up a server that uses ezpublish/ezpublish_legacy/var/ezdemo_site/storage. The eZ Platform configuration would be as follows:

ezpublish:
    system:
        default:
            io:
	            url_prefix: "http://static.example.com/"

Internals

Any BinaryFile returned by the public API is prefixed with the value of this setting, internally stored as ezsettings.scope.io.url_prefix.

Dynamic container settings

Those settings are siteaccess-aware.

io.url_prefix

Default value:  $var_dir$/$storage_dir$
Example:  /var/ezdemo_site/storage

Used to configure the default URL decorator service ( ezpublish.core.io.default_url_decorator , used by all binarydata handlers to generate the URI of loaded files. It is always interpreted as an absolute URI, meaning that unless it contains a scheme (http://, ftp://), it will be prepended with a '/'.

io.legacy_url_prefix

Default value:  $var_dir$/$storage_dir$
Example:  var/ezdemo_site/storage

Used by the legacy storage engine to convert images public URI to a format it understands. Unlike io.url_prefix, it is not an absolute link. Cannot be overridden using semantic configuration. Changing this value will break compatibility for the legacy backoffice.

io.root_dir

Example:  %ezpublish_legacy.root_dir%/$var_dir$/$storage_dir$
Default value: /var/www/ezpublish/ezpublish_legacy/var/ezdemo_site/storage

Physical path where binary files are stored on disk. Cannot be overridden using semantic configuration. Changing this value will break compatibility for the legacy backoffice.

Services

URL decorators

An UrlDecorator decorates and undecorates a given string (url) in some way. It has two mirror methods: decorate and undecorate.

Two implementations are provided: Prefix, and AbsolutePrefix. They both add a prefix to a URL, but AbsolutePrefix will ensure that unless the prefix is an external URL, the result will be prepended with /.

Three UrlDecorator services are introduced:

• ezpublish.core.io.prefix_url_decorator used by the binarydata handlers to decorate all uris sent out by the API. Uses AbsolutePrefix.
• ezpublish.core.io.image_fieldtype.legacy_url_decorator used via the UrlRedecorator (see below) by various legacy elements (Converter, Storage Gateway, etc.) to generate its internal storage format for uris. Uses a Prefix, not an AbsolutePrefix, meaning that no leading / is added.

In addition, a UrlRedecorator service, ezpublish.core.io.image_fieldtype.legacy_url_redecorator, uses both decorators above to convert URIs between what is used on the new stack, and what format legacy expects (relative urls from the ezpublish root).

Regenerating URL Aliases

The command ezplatform:regenerate:legacy_storage_url_aliases command regenerates URL aliases for Locations and migrates existing custom Location and global URL aliases to a separate database table. The separate table must be named __migration_ezurlalias_ml and should be created manually to be identical (but empty) as the existing table ezurlalias_ml before the command is executed.

After the script finishes, to complete migration the table should be renamed to ezurlalias_ml manually. Using available options for action argument, you can back up custom Location and global URL aliases separately and inspect them before restoring them to the migration table. They will be stored in backup tables named __migration_backup_custom_alias and __migration_backup_global_alias (created automatically).

It is also possible to skip custom Location and global URL aliases altogether and regenerate only automatically created URL aliases for Locations (use the autogenerate action to achieve this). During the script execution the database should not be modified. Since this script can potentially run for a very long time, to avoid memory exhaustion run it in production environment using the --env=prod switch.

Reference

Services: Public API

The Public API exposes Symfony services for all of its repository services.

Signals Reference

You can find the reference for all available signals that you can listen to, triggered by ("Public") Repository API in eZ Platform, in their dedicated page: Signals Reference.

Limitations Reference

Limitations are crucial building blocks of the permissions system in eZ Platform. They provide the restrictions you can apply to a given access right to limit the right according to certain conditions.

Limitations consist of two parts:

• Limitation (Value)
• LimitationType

Certain limitations also serve as RoleLimitations, which means they can be used to limit the rights of a Role assignment. Currently this covers Subtree and Section limitations.

Limitation represents the value, while LimitationType deals with the business logic surrounding how it actually works and is enforced.
LimitationTypes have two modes of operation in regards to permission logic (see eZ\Publish\SPI\Limitation\Type interface for more info):

List of Limitations

See List of Limitations

Extensibility

Permissions

Two parts of the permissions system are extensible from a programmatic perspective: Policies and Limitations

• Policies: Custom Policies can be added for use in your own code , custom Policy example: comment/create
• Limitations: You can extend existing Policies, and hence extend the permissions of the CMS, example could be adding a SubscriptionLimitation to content/read Policy

Custom Policies

Description

eZ content repository uses the concept of Roles and Policies in order to authorize a user to do something (e.g. read content).

• A Role is composed of Policies and can be assigned to a User or a User Group.
• A Policy is composed of a combination of module and function (e.g. content/read, content being the module and read being the function).
• Depending on module and function combination, a Policy can also be composed of Limitations.

It is possible for any bundle to expose available Policies via a PolicyProvider which can be added to EzPublishCoreBundle's DIC extension.

PolicyProvider

A PolicyProvider is an object providing a hash containing declared modules, functions and limitations.

• Each Policy provider provides a collection of permission modules.
• Each module can provide functions (e.g. "content/read": "content" is the module, "read" is the function)
• Each function can provide a collection of Limitations.

Policies configuration hash contains declared these modules, functions and Limitations.
First level key is the module name, value is a hash of available functions, with function name as key.
Function value is an array of available Limitations, identified by the alias declared in LimitationType service tag.
If no Limitation is provided, value can be null or an empty array.

[
    "content" => [
        "read" => ["Class", "ParentClass", "Node", "Language"],
        "edit" => ["Class", "ParentClass", "Language"]
    ],
    "custom_module" => [
        "custom_function_1" => null,
        "custom_function_2" => ["CustomLimitation"]
    ],
]

Example

namespace Acme\FooBundle\AcmeFooBundle\Security;

use eZ\Bundle\EzPublishCoreBundle\DependencyInjection\Configuration\ConfigBuilderInterface;
use eZ\Bundle\EzPublishCoreBundle\DependencyInjection\Security\PolicyProvider\PolicyProviderInterface;

class MyPolicyProvider implements PolicyProviderInterface
{
    public function addPolicies(ConfigBuilderInterface $configBuilder)
    {
        $configBuilder->addConfig([
             "custom_module" => [
                 "custom_function_1" => null,
                 "custom_function_2" => ["CustomLimitation"],
             ],
         ]);
    }
}

YamlPolicyProvider

An abstract class based on YAML is provided:  eZ\Bundle\EzPublishCoreBundle\DependencyInjection\Security\PolicyProvider\YamlPolicyProvider .
It defines an abstract  getFiles()  method.

Extend YamlPolicyProvider and implement getFiles() to return absolute paths to your YAML files.

namespace Acme\FooBundle\AcmeFooBundle\Security;

use eZ\Bundle\EzPublishCoreBundle\DependencyInjection\Security\PolicyProvider\YamlPolicyProvider;

class MyPolicyProvider extends YamlPolicyProvider
{
    protected function getFiles()
    {
        return [
             __DIR__ . '/../Resources/config/policies.yml',
         ];
    }
}

custom_module:
    custom_function_1: ~
    custom_function_2: [CustomLimitation]

Extending existing policies

A PolicyProvider may provide new functions to a module, and additional Limitations to an existing function. 
It is however strongly encouraged to add functions to your own Policy modules.

Integrating the PolicyProvider into EzPublishCoreBundle

For a PolicyProvider to be active, it must be properly declared in EzPublishCoreBundle.
A bundle just has to retrieve CoreBundle's DIC extension and call  addPolicyProvider() . This must be done in the bundle's  build()  method.

namespace Acme\FooBundle\AcmeFooBundle;

use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Bundle\Bundle;

class AcmeFooBundle extends Bundle
{
    public function build(ContainerBuilder $container)
    {
        parent::build($container);

        // ...
 
        // Retrieve "ezpublish" container extension.
        $eZExtension = $container->getExtension('ezpublish');
        // Add the policy provider.
        $eZExtension->addPolicyProvider(new MyPolicyProvider());
    }
}

Core policies

Policies used internally in repository services are defined in  EzPublishCoreBundle/Resources/config/policies.yml .

SPI and API repositories

Those repositories are read-only split of ezsystems/ezpublish-kernel, made available to make dependencies easier and more lightweight.

API

This package is a split of the eZ Publish 5 public API. It includes the services interfaces and domain objects from the eZ\Publish\API namespace.
It offers a lightweight way to make your project depend on the eZ API and Domain objects, without depending on the whole ezpublish-kernel.
The repository is read-only, automatically updated from https://github.com/ezsystems/ezpublish-kernel.

Requiring ezpublish-api in your project:

"require": {
    "ezsystems/ezpublish-api": "~5.0"
}

SPI

This package is a split of the eZ Publish 5 SPI (persistence interfaces).

It can be used as a dependency, instead of the whole ezpublish-kernel, by packages implementing custom eZ Publish storage engines, or by any package that requires classes from the eZ\Publish\SPI namespace.

The repository is read-only, automatically updated from https://github.com/ezsystems/ezpublish-kernel.

Requiring ezpublish-api in your project:

"require": {
    "ezsystems/ezpublish-spi": "~5.0"
}

Signal Slots

The Signal-Slot system provides a means for realizing loosely coupled dependencies in the sense that a code entity A can react on an event occurring in code entity B, without A and B knowing each other directly. This works by dispatching event information through a central third instance, the so called dispatcher:

In the shown schematics, object B and one other object are interested in a certain signal. B is a so-called Slot that can be announced to be interested in receiving a Signal (indicated by the circular connector to the dispatcher). Object A now sends the corresponding Signal. The Dispatcher takes care of realizing the dependency and informs the Slot A (and one other Slot) about the occurrence of the Signal.

Signals roughly equal events, while Slots roughly equal event handlers. An arbitrary number (0…n) of Slots can listen for a specific Signal. Every object that receives the Dispatcher as a dependency can send signals. However, the following conditions apply (that typically do not apply to event handling systems):

• A Slot cannot return anything to the object that issued a signal
• It is not possible for a Slot to stop the propagation of a Signal, i.e. all listening Slots will eventually receive the Signal

Those two conditions allow the asynchronous processing of Slots. That means: It is possible to determine, by configuration, that a Slot must not receive a Signal in the very same moment it occurs, but to receive it on a later point in time, maybe after other Signals from a queue have been processed or even on a completely different server.

Signal

A Signal represents a specific event, e.g. that a content version has been published. It consists of information that is significant to the event, e.g. the content ID and version number. Therefore, a Signal is represented by an object of a class that is specific to the Signal and that extends from eZ\Publish\Core\SignalSlot\Signal. The full qualified name of the Signal class is used to uniquely identify the Signal. For example, the class eZ\Publish\Core\SignalSlot\Signal\ContentService\PublishVersionSignal identifies the example Signal.

In order to work properly with asynchronous processing, Signals must not consist of any logic and must not contain complex data structures (such as further objects and resources). Instead, they must be exportable using the __set_state() method, so that it is possible to transfer a Signal to a different system.

Slot

A Slot extends the system by realizing functionality that is executed when a certain Signal occurs. To implement a Slot, you must create a class that derives from eZ\Publish\Core\SignalSlot\Slot. The full qualified name of the Slot class is also used as the unique identifier of the Slot. The Slot base class requires you to implement the single method receive(). When your Slot is configured to listen to a certain Signal and this Signal occurs, the receive() method of your Slot is called.

Inside the receive() method of your Slot you can basically realize any kind of logic. However, it is recommended that you only dispatch the action to be triggered to a dedicated object. This allows you to trigger the same action from within multiple Slots and to re-use the implementation from a completely different context.

Note that, due to the nature of Signal-Slot, the following requirements must be fulfilled by your Slot implementation:

• A Slot must not return anything to the Signal issuer
• A Slot must be aware that it is potentially executed delayed or even on a different server

Important: A single Slot should not take care of processing more than one Signal. Instead, if you need to trigger same or similar actions as different Signals occur. you should encapsulate these actions into a dedicated class, of which your Slots receive an instance to trigger this action.

Example: Updating URL aliases

Updating URL aliases is a typical process that can be realized through a Signal-Slot extension for different reasons:

• The action must be triggered on basis of different events (e.g. content update, location move, etc.)
• Direct implementation would involve complex dependencies between otherwise unrelated services
• The action is not critical to be executed immediately, but can be made asynchronous, if necessary

As a first step it needs to be determined for which Signals we need to listen in order to update URL aliases. Some of them are:

• eZ\Publish\Core\SignalSlot\Signal\ContentService\PublishVersionSignal
• eZ\Publish\Core\SignalSlot\Signal\LocationService\CopySubtreeSignal
• eZ\Publish\Core\SignalSlot\Signal\LocationService\MoveSubtreeSignal
• …

There are of course additional Signals that trigger an update of URL aliases, but these are left out for simplicity here.

Now that we identified some Signals to react upon, we can start implementing Slots for these signals. For the first Signal, which is issued as soon as a new version of Content is published, there exists a method in eZ\Publish\SPI\Persistence\Content\UrlAlias\Handler for exactly that purpose: publishUrlAliasForLocation(). The Signal contains the ID of the content item and its newly published version number. Using this information, the corresponding Slot can fulfill its purposes with the following steps:

1. Load the corresponding content and its locations
2. Call the URL alias creation method for each location

To achieve this, the Slot has 2 dependencies:

• eZ\Publish\SPI\Persistence\Content\Handler
  to load the content itself in order to retrieve the names
• eZ\Publish\SPI\Persistence\Content\Location\Handler
  to load the locations

• eZ\Publish\SPI\Persistence\Content\UrlAlias\Handler
  to create the aliases for each location

So, a stub for the implementation could look like this:

namespace Acme\TestBundle\Slot;

use eZ\Publish\Core\SignalSlot\Slot as BaseSlot;
use eZ\Publish\API\Repository\Repository;
use eZ\Publish\SignalSlot\Signal;

class CreateUrlAliasesOnPublishSlot extends BaseSlot
{
    /**
     * @var \eZ\Publish\API\Repository\Repository
     */
    private $repository;
    public function __construct( Repository $repository )
    {
        $this->repository = $repository;
    }

    public function receive( Signal $signal )
    {
        if ( !$signal instanceof Signal\ContentService\PublishVersionSignal )
        {
            return;
        }
        // Load content
        // Load locations
        // Create URL aliases
    }
}